Jury Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jury - Research Paper Example Support of the changes to a state governing body There have been different changes started with the goal of advancing racial assorted variety in the structure of juries, so powerful choices and appropriate, unprejudiced decisions can be made in the court. Be that as it may, the development of the purview is likewise not without the analysis of racial assorted variety. In the American culture, the minority class individuals are regularly purportedly determined to be treated in a predisposition way, which further confine equity based on their privileges and benefits as a US resident. In this regard, the supposed segregation in the midst of minority and greater part individuals has raised different moral issues which incorporate ambushes and developments against the State (Minow, 1992). There are examples where the delegates of the juries have been seen to develop their judgment with slippery objectives. This raises critical worry as to the discernment of the judgment offered in the cou rt, where hearers having a place with a similar race as that of the litigant have been claimed to act with compassion; while then again, members of the jury having a place with different races will in general execute cruel medicines for rebuffing the convicts. Henceforth, it tends to be contended that the disappointments of suitable purview forms are caused for the most part because of absence of decent variety in the setup of legal hearers. In this way, keeping up a further extent of racial assorted variety in the midst of juries is well on the way to contribute towards making compelling and racially fair-minded judgment in the court. Along these lines, with the association of minorities and ladies as members of the jury, the judgment procedure may likewise get an upgraded proficiency in managing uniformity of rights and moderating biasness to a considerable degree (SAGE Publications, 2013). An opponent’s reaction to the change There is requirement for racial assorted variet y in the jury framework so successful choices can be made with fairness and in an unprejudiced way. In any case, from an opponent’s perspective, with dominant parts and minorities, as delegates of the jury, the litigants must not to be offered with the chance of choosing just as making juries as per their races and shared foundations. As on account of Swain v. Alabama - 380 U.S. 202 (1965) (Justia, 1965) and Batson v. Kentucky (No. 84-6263) (LII, 1985), the legal executive made in the preliminaries out of these cases included larger part of members of the jury having a place from the solicitors individual racial foundations and networks, which prompted biasness in the process dynamic. The litigants, with this office of forming juries based on their decisions, will absolutely prompt wrong legitimate choices and techniques. In this worry, the arrangements specified by the Supreme Court of the US ought to solidly forbid litigants from designating privileges of choosing jury indi viduals for the execution of judgment with correspondence and suitability. Besides, it focuses on that the juries ought to be chosen based on merit framework in the midst of dominant part and minority gathering of people, so the choices or judgment are

Biography of Vlad the Impaler, Inspiration for Dracula

Life story of Vlad the Impaler, Inspiration for Dracula Vlad III (somewhere in the range of 1428 and 1431â€between December 1476 and January 1477) was a fifteenth century leader of Wallachia, an east European realm inside present day Romania. Vlad got scandalous for his severe disciplines, for example, impalement, yet additionally famous by some for his endeavor to battle the Muslim Ottomans, despite the fact that Vlad was just to a great extent fruitful against Christian powers. He administered on three events 1448, 1456 to 1462, and 1476-and experienced new notoriety in the advanced time because of connections to the novel Dracula. Quick Facts: Vlad III Known For: East European fifteenth century rule who was the motivation for DraculaAlso Known As: Vlad the Impaler, Vlad III Dracula, Vlad Tepes, Dracuglia, DrakulaBorn: Between 1428 and 1431Parents: Mircea I of Wallachia, Eupraxia of MoldaviaDied: Between December 1476 and January 1477Spouse(s): Unknown first wife, Jusztina SzilgyiChildren: Mihnea, Vlad Drakwlya Early Years Vlad was conceived somewhere in the range of 1428 and 1431 into the group of Vlad II Dracul. This aristocrat had been permitted into the crusading Order of the Dragon (Dracul) by its maker, the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, to urge him to protect both Christian east Europe and Sigismund’s lands from infringing Ottoman powers and different dangers. The Ottomans were venturing into eastern and focal Europe, carrying with them an opponent religion to that of the Catholic and Orthodox Christians who had recently commanded the locale. Be that as it may, the strict clash can be exaggerated, as there was a good old common force battle between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottomans over both Wallachia-a moderately new state-and its pioneers. Despite the fact that Sigismund had gone to an adversary of Vlad II’s not long after at first supporting him, he returned to Vlad and in 1436 Vlad II became voivode, a type of ruler, of Wallachia. Notwithstanding, Vlad II at that point broke with the Emperor and joined the Ottomans so as to attempt to adjust the opponent forces whirling around his nation. Vlad II at that point joined the Ottomans in assaulting Transylvania, before Hungary attempted to accommodate. Everybody became dubious, and Vlad was quickly expelled and detained by the Ottomans. In any case, he was before long discharged and reconquered the nation. The future Vlad III was sent alongside Radu, his more youthful sibling, to the Ottoman court as a prisoner to guarantee that his dad remained consistent with his promise. He didn’t, and as Vlad II swayed among Hungary and the Ottomans, the two children endure essentially as strategic guarantee. Maybe essentially for Vlad III’s childhood, he had the option to encounter, comprehend, and submerge himself into Ottoman culture. Battle to be Voivode Vlad II and his oldest child were slaughtered by rebel boyars-Wallachian aristocrats in 1447, and another adversary called Vladislav II was put on the seat by the professional Hungarian legislative leader of Transylvania, called Hunyadi. Sooner or later, Vlad III and Radu were liberated, and Vlad came back to the realm to start a crusade planned for acquiring his father’s position as voivode, which prompted strife with boyars, his more youthful sibling, the Ottomans, and others. Wallachia had no away from of legacy to the seat. Rather, the past incumbent’s youngsters could similarly guarantee it, and one of them was normally chosen by a gathering of boyars. By and by, outside powers (chiefly the Ottomans and Hungarians) could militarily bolster inviting petitioners to the seat. Factional Conflict What followed were 29 separate rules of 11 separate rulers, from 1418 to 1476, including Vlad III threefold. It was from this disorder, and an interwoven of nearby boyar groups, that Vlad looked for first the seat, and afterward to build up a solid state through both striking activities and altogether dread. There was an impermanent triumph in 1448â when Vlad exploited an as of late vanquished enemy of Ottoman campaign and its catch of Hunyadi to hold onto the seat of Wallachia with Ottoman help. In any case, Vladislav II before long came back from campaign and constrained Vlad out. It took almost one more decade for Vlad to hold onto the seat as Vlad III in 1456. There is little data on what precisely occurred during this period, however Vlad went from the Ottomans to Moldova, to a harmony with Hunyadi, to Transylvania, to and fro between these three, dropping out with Hunyadi, recharged support from him, military business, and in 1456, an intrusion of Wallachia-in which Vladislav II was crushed and executed. Simultaneously Hunyadi, unintentionally, kicked the bucket. Leader of Wallachia Set up as voivode, Vlad now confronted the issues of his forerunners: how to adjust Hungary and the Ottomansâ and keep himself autonomous. Vlad started to lead in a bleeding way intended to strike dread into the hearts of adversaries and partners the same. He requested individuals to be speared on stakes, and his abominations were dispensed on any individual who upset him, regardless of where they originated from. In any case, his standard has been confused. During the socialist period in Romania, students of history illustrated a dream of Vlad as a communist saint, concentrated to a great extent around the possibility that Vlad assaulted the overabundances of the boyar privileged, therefore profiting the standard workers. Vlad’s launch from the seat in 1462 has been credited to boyars looking to ensure their benefits. A few annals record that Vlad bloodily cut his way through the Boyars to fortify and bring together his capacity, adding to his other, and awful, notoriety. Be that as it may, while Vlad did gradually build his control over backstabbing boyars, this is currently accepted to have been a steady endeavor to attempt to set a fictionalized state plagued by rivals, and neither an abrupt blow out of brutality as a portion of the narratives guarantee or the activities of a proto-socialist. The current forces of the boyars were disregarded, as simply the top picks and adversaries who changed position. This occurred more than quite a long while, instead of in one ruthless meeting. Vlad the Impaler’s Wars Vlad endeavored to reestablish the parity of Hungarian and Ottoman interests in Wallachiaâ and quickly grappled with both. Nonetheless, he was before long pounced upon by plots from Hungary, who changed their help to an adversary voivode. War came about, during which Vlad bolstered a Moldovan respectable who might both later battle him and procure the sobriquet Stephen the Great. The circumstance between Wallachia, Hungary, and Transylvania changed for quite a long while, going from harmony to strife, and Vlad attempted to keep his territories and seat unblemished. Around 1460 or 1461, having made sure about autonomy from Hungary, recaptured land from Transylvania, and vanquished his adversary rulers, Vlad severed relations with the Ottoman Empire, stopped paying his yearly tribute, and arranged for war. The Christian pieces of Europe were pushing toward a campaign against the Ottomans. Vlad may have been satisfying aâ long-termâ plan for autonomy, dishonestly floated by his prosperity against his Christian opponents, or arranging a shrewd assault while the ruler was east. The war with the Ottomans started in the winter ofâ 1461-1462â when Vlad attackedâ neighboringâ strongholds and looted into Ottoman terrains. The reaction was the king attacking with his military in 1462, planning to introduce Vlad’s sibling Radu on the seat. Radu had lived in the Empire for quite a while and was pre-arranged to the Ottomans; they didn't anticipate setting up direct principle over the locale. Vlad was constrained back, however not before a challenging night assault to attempt to execute the king himself. Vlad frightened the Ottomans with a field of pierced individuals, however Vlad was vanquished and Radu took the seat. Ejection from Wallachia Vlad didn't, as a portion of the expert socialist and ace Vlad history specialists have guaranteed, rout the Ottomans and afterward tumble to a revolt of agitator boyars. Instead, some of Vlad’s devotees fled to the Ottomans to charm themselves to Radu when it became evident that Vlad’s armed force couldn't crush the trespassers. Hungary’s powers showed up later than expected to aid Vlad-on the off chance that they had everâ intended to help him-andâ insteadâ arrested him, moved him to Hungary, and bolted him up. Last Rule and Death After years of imprisonment, Vlad was discharged by Hungary in 1474 or 1475 to seize back the Wallachian seat and battle against an expected attack by the Ottomans, on the condition he changed over to Catholicism and away from Orthodoxy. In the wake of battling for the Moldavians, he recovered his seat inâ 1476â but was murdered not long after in a fight with the Ottoman inquirer to Wallachia. Heritage and Dracula Numerous pioneers have traveled every which way, yet Vlad stays a notable figure in European history. In certain pieces of Eastern Europe he is a legend for his job in battling the Ottomans-despite the fact that he battled Christians the same amount of, and all the more effectively while in a great part of the remainder of the world he is notorious for his merciless disciplines, a precept for pitilessness, and bloodthirstiness. Boisterous ambushes on Vlad were spreading while he was still especially alive, halfway to legitimize his detainment and incompletely because of human enthusiasm for his ruthlessness. Vlad inhabited when print was developing, and Vlad got one of the primary repulsiveness figures in printed writing. A lot of his ongoing notoriety has to do with the utilization of Vlad’s sobriquet Dracula. This truly implies Son of Dracul and is a reference to his father’s passage into the Order of the Dragon, Draco at that point meaning Dragon. Be that as it may, when British creator ​Bram Stoker named his vampire character Dracula, Vlad entered a totally different universe of well known reputation. In the interim, the Roman language created and dracul came to mean fallen angel. Vlad was not, as is now and then accepted, named after this. Sources

Why Study Energy at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Why Study Energy at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you ever wonder when renewables will play a larger role in America’s energy mix? How does fracking impact our social ecological and financial systems? Will the U.S. export Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or curtail its oil consumption in the coming years? If you are interested in answering these questions and pursuing a career in the energy industry, then SIPA is the right place for you. SIPA’s Energy and Environment concentration is shaping up to be one of the most comprehensive energy programs in the country. The concentration is designed to give students a nuanced understanding of global and domestic energy policies and provides a rigorous training on energy fundamentals and global energy markets. Students admitted into the program are required to take a combination of policy and finance classes that provide the necessary training to solve complex energy issues. From professor Travis Bradford’s Energy System Fundamentals course, to Jonathan Chanis’ Geopolitics of Oil and Natural Gas, energy classes at SIPA prepare students for real world challenges. In these classes you learn about the important role finance and economics play in shaping our energy landscape and how policy influences our decision making as consumers. The program’s leadership clearly understands that students need to walk away with a tangible skill set and require that energy concentrators take other classes such as Corporate Finance, The Economics of Energy, Energy Modeling, U.S. Energy Policy, all of which are classes that build on the foundational principles of the energy sector. As a complement to classroom learning, SIPA recently launched the Center on Global Energy Policy. This center serves a platform for students to exchange ideas with some of the industry’s leading experts. Jason Bordoff, the center’s current director and former Senior Advisor to President Barack Obama, has managed to bring high caliber speakers such as Ernest Moniz, U.S. Secretary of Energy; Ryan Lance, CEO of Conoco Phillips; Mayor Michael Bloomberg, among others. Other prominent speakers such as Carlos Pascual, Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs, U.S. State Department and Irik Wærness, Chief Economist, Statoil are slated to address SIPA’s student body in the coming months. But the effort to create the nation’s top energy program is not just being led by the SIPA administration. Students also play a critical role in enriching the Energy and Environment program. The student run organization, SEA does an outstanding job at organizing weekly roundtable discussions with industry experts. The hour-long interactions offer students the opportunity to directly engage and network with energy practitioners and better understand how classroom concepts apply to the real world, which adds tremendous value to the student experience. As the world continues to struggle with global energy issues, many elements tied to the energy sector will remain unclear to us, from policy uncertainties, to technological advancements, to developing responsible business practices. In midst of all this ambiguity, one thing is clear to me, and that is SIPA’s commitment to training tomorrow’s energy leaders and attracting the world’s most talented minds.  The amount of resources and human energy invested in this program will make SIPA the premiere school to study energy issues in the coming years. The question the administration will have to answer, is can SIPA train enough students before major industry decisions are made in the next 10 to 15 years?

Benefits Of Free Babysitting On My Home For Parent ( S )

Introduction I decided that I would like to offer free babysitting in my home for parent(s) that needs a few hours for a job interview, doctor s appointment or have an emergency. I have been searching around for an organization to go through, but none exist where I live. There were some you have to go to their place of work, which I understand but I have no transportation to go that far. So I decided to do this alone. I started on this assignment on week two of July. I started volunteering to babysit children from age 5 to 8 years old. I started the portion of my painting assignment this week. One week is to babysit five kids. They looked like controlled little angels. I started small in this volunteer assignment. I volunteer to babysit a couple of kids for free. Some couples don’t have money for babysitters or extended family nearby. Some school systems are so attuned to their supervisory, child-care function that they offer after school play groups at a normal fee to take care of children until a parent gets off work and can take the child home (pg. 435). What was observed during this experience? I observed a lot from this experience. When I was babysitting the children, they always wanted to be around me always following me. And one of the five kids drew me three sun’s on loose-leaf paper. I was observed while babysitting when the children and I were making cupcakes. Having the babysit these five kids most afternoons, I’ve observed that children are aggravatinglyShow MoreRelatedEqual Opportunity Evolves Human Resources1671 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Rights Act of 1964; however, the Commission’s mission has been shaped by more than this one single piece of legislation. Numerous laws, amendments, and executive orders have expanded, limited or guided the Commission s authority over increasingly fair employment. 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Essay Misunderstandings of a Foreigner in American Culture

I still remember the shock I got when I first moved here. What a terribly superficial culture this country has, I thought. The way people treat each other, especially in conversations! At the beginning they ask you: How are you? But beware! They dont really want to know how you are, and if you make the mistake of actually giving them a detailed account of your well-being, theyll shun you for weeks. On the other hand, youre required to immediately embrace all new acquaintances with the standard Nice to meet you. Maybe you werent even in the mood to meet somebody at this particular moment, and if she or he turns out to be just another perfectly intolerable human being, then you lied to the entire world around you! I had some serious†¦show more content†¦Personally, I dont think so. Where I come from, we prefer the rude method of saying exactly what we think and getting it over with. Not unfairly have we Germans earned the reputation of getting things done efficiently... 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Character Analysis of Winston Smith in 1984 Essay - 923 Words

â€Å"We are taught that the hero’s journey is the journey from weakness to strength. But...[this is] wrong. The real hero’s journey is the journey from strength to weakness.† The real hero shows the ability to rise above challenges, even in a state of weakness, and wind up victorious. The real hero is flawed, but his courage, selflessness, and sacrifices for the greater good will rise above all. Winston Smith of 1984 is described as a â€Å"small frail figure† with a â€Å"varicose ulcer above his right ankle.† This is evidently not the image conjured when one imagines a hero, but due to the deceiving nature of appearances, we must consider his actions. What does Winston do? He writes â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER† repetitively in his diary, he engages in a†¦show more content†¦He believed in â€Å"down with Big Brother† but was too terrified for indulging in that forbidden thought to dare to do anything at all. â€Å"I love you† would be said to Winston by a girl he did not know at all. His impression of her had been one of uneasiness and animosity; he questioned why she seemed to follow him around and believed her to be a member of the Thought Police or an â€Å"amateur spy.† Though he lacked any actual knowledge about the girl, Julia, he immediately accepted her initiation of a relationship. This relationship looked to be one of physical intimacy rather than any sort of emotional dependency; Winston’s fornication with Julia seemed to be his personal way of rebelling against the anti-sex policies. He would feel as though he were revolting against the Party and Big Brother and this appeared to be the only rebelling Winston would do. This type of sudden acceptance of an anti-Party offer, regardless of any evidence from the character, would not be Winston’s first. He had made eye contact with a member of the Inner Party, O’Brien, and decided â€Å"he knew.. .that O’Brien was thinking the same thing as himself. An unmistakable message had passed. 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As an individual, he has been forced to believe the rules of the society he lives in. In Oceania, the country in which he resides, people believe what they are told to believe. Everyone follows the strict beliefs of the party and Big BrotherRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Caged Birds Accept Each Other But Flight Is What They Long For ``1717 Words   |  7 Pagesfor.† In George Orwell’s book 1984 the main character Winston Smith felt like a caged bird and wanted to be free of the totalitarian regime that was Big Brother. In the book, Orwell portrays a society in which life as we know it is none existent. People are stripped of their individualism, programmed like zombies and made to suppress each other. In the book, kids are used to and it would seem with really g ood effect to spy on and monitor the parents and neighbors. Winston defies the regime by thinkingRead MoreA Literary Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell721 Words   |  3 Pages The essay your about to read is a literary analysis of the book â€Å"1984 by George Orwell† it was written in 1948 as a thriller. Winston Smith is the main character of this story followed by two characters â€Å"Julia and O’Brien.† The book starts off with main character Winston being very frustrated with what is called the â€Å"Party† lead by a man named â€Å"Big Brother† hints the saying â€Å"big brother is watching you† from â€Å"George Orwells worst fear† stated by express.co.uk. the book takes you for a rideRead More1984 Discussion1069 Words   |  5 Pages1984 Discussion Questions 1. The world within which Winston lives is replete with contradictions. For example a, major tenet of the Partys philosophy is that War is Peace. Similarly, the Ministry of Love serves as, what we would consider, a department of war. What role do these contradictions serve on a grand scale? Discuss other contradictions inherent in the Partys philosophy. What role does contradiction serve within the framework of Doublethink? How does Doublethink satisfy the needs of TheRead MoreWinston Smith Character Analysis Essay examples1762 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature 30 August Character Analysis of Winston Smith from 1984 Winston Smith, George Orwell’s main character from 1984, contributes greatly to the novel in many ways. While he is presented to be a simple man, Winston adds many complex ideas to the classic piece of literature. Orwell uses internal and external characteristics, symbols, and significant quotes to develop Winston’s role in 1984. Internal Characteristics are a big part of the development of a main character and ideas relating toRead MoreThe Psychoanalysis of 19841019 Words   |  5 Pagesof 1984 The social structure of George Orwell’s 1984 is based on Freud’s map of the mind and the struggles between the id, the ego and the super ego. The minds of these individuals living in this society are trained to think a certain way. Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis can be applied to Orwell’s 1984. Using Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, 1984’s main character Winston Smith is portrayed as the one who goes against the ideas of the Party. In a Freudian point of view, Winston’s character represents

Business Contract Law Business Sequence

Question: Describe about the Business Contract Law for Business Sequence. Answer: 1. In this case it was written by Archibal C. Buchanan in a unanimous decision from the court stating that there is a record which suggests that the Zehmer was not intoxicated to that level as to where he would not be able to comprehend the consequence and nature of the instrument that had been executed by him (Lucy v. Zehmer, [1954]). The situation that surrounds the said transaction between Zehmer and Lucy is such that it was justified on the part of Lucy to believe that the business transaction for the sale of land was a serious one and not made a jest which was made merely by Zehmer. When intent for entering the said contract is examined, the courts viewed the standard of a reasonable person meaning thereby the actions and words which is the outward objective expression that would lead any reasonable person to believe that there was an intention on the part of the other party to enter into a legally binding contract. Though there was a contention by the defendant in this case that the contract had been made by him as only a jest or that there was no capacity that he had at the time of formation of the contract, the very fact that he went to the trouble of writing down the entire agreement, which specified the consideration that would be required to be made, the involved parties to the transaction, the contracts subject matter, the issue of title was addressed and also the consent of his wife was taken as well. This entire circumstance would lead any party to believe that there was a contract that was genuine and also valid before the court of law. Thus, according to the judge the reason of intoxication was not satisfactory. 2. It is provided by the objective theory of contracts that the determination of a mutual consent to the contract is done by referring to the manifestations and acts that are external and not by the subjective evidence which is there being the intention that is internal (Mautner, 2002). In more simple words it means that the formation of a contract depends on what is required to be communicated and not what had been only thought (Perillo, 2000). It is provided by the modern objective theory that the intents objective manifestation by a party is required to be viewed in general from point of vantage of a reasonable person who is in the other partys position (foot note 3. The sale of the real estate was discussed between the two parties. It was offered by Lucy for buying the plot, and there is no dispute to the fact that this was a serious offer. The fact that Zehmer was concealing externally that there was no intention for selling the property. It was testified by Zehmer at the trial that there was only needling by him and he did not think that the property would be afforded by Lucy. It was determined by the court that there was a binding contract because any person who was reasonable in the position of Lucy would have believed that there was a genuine intention of Zehmer for selling the property. It was held by the court that there was entitlement on Lucy for relying on what would have been thought reasonably of what was meant when outwardly there was agreement by Zehmer to sell the said property. This holding of the court was consistent entirely with the objective theory contract. References Lucy v. Zehmer[1954]196 Va. 493; 84 S.E.2d 516. Mautner, M. (2002). Contract, Culture, Compulsion, or: What Is So Problematic in the Application of Objective Standards in Contract Law?.Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 3(2). Perillo, J. (2000). The Origins of the Objective Theory of Contract Formation and Interpretation.SSRN Electronic Journal.

Second Generation Immigrant

Introduction The socio-political and economic plights of the immigrants have been a subject of social research for a long time; the immigrants are considered the â€Å"lowest† cadre in the social stratum in the United States. Their living conditions reveal an unprecedented poverty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Second Generation Immigrant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to explore the plight of second generation immigrants as compared to the first generation, and to highlight some of the factors that are contributing to the difference in the social well being between the first generation immigrants and the second generation immigrants, in other words, between parents and their children, who seem to be enjoying a relatively â€Å"higher† position in the society. Such a tendency has been attributed to several factors. According to the US Census Bureau Data (2009), it was realised t hat the second generation immigrants enjoy more privileges in terms of education and health. They earn more and are better educated as compared to their foreign-born counterparts, which highlights the fact that life conditions have increased from the first to the second order of immigrants. Immigration policy American Immigration Policy, which sets laws and guidelines used for regulatory purposes, in my opinion, is the strongest factor explaining the socio-economic difference of the second generation immigrants. The level of achievement of the second generation immigrants can be attributed to the immigration policies. The American immigration policy stresses out the fact that anyone who is born on the American territory automatically becomes a citizen of the US; the US citizenship comes with numerous other benefits from the government as opposed to non citizens. This scenario would obviously work for the benefit of the child since he would be entitled to a lot of privileges as oppos ed to the parents who are not original citizens of the US. Social research shows that the Latino second class citizens have the highest enrolment rates in colleges and high school, which affirms the fact that the set policies play a key role. In the acquisition of their citizenship, the Latinos have continued to excel in their undertaking. According to statistics, it is projected that by 2017, there would have been plenty of multiracial Latinos in every key government position as compared to their present occupation of government positions. Cultural assimilation A conflict of cultures is predominant in the lives of the second generation population. The rate at which they adapt and stabilize themselves within the two different cultures attributes immensely to their relatively high level of success. Those who are able to freely blend and adapt to both cultures are more settled and are considered to be more successful as compared to those who take a lot of time to balance between the t wo cultures. Most second generation children are multilingual.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, they are subjected to humongous racism and segregation in the society as well, which means that these children become much more sensitive to various social phenomena; this sensitivity leads to an increased self motivation and awareness amongst the second generation, which in turn inflames their desire to achieve success against all odds confronting them. Conclusion The paper has exclusively explored some of the core reasons for a relatively high success of the second generation immigrants in comparison with their parents; it has established why the two mentioned factors have led to high achievement rates in the second generation immigrants and the social issues defining their achievements. This essay on Second Generation Immigrant was written and submitted by user Coleman U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bronze Age Greece

Bronze Age Greece When Was the Greek Bronze Age?: Put Bronze Age Greece in Perspective: Major Intervals in Ancient History The Aegean Bronze Age, where Aegean refers to the Aegean Sea where Greece, the Cyclades, and Crete are situated, ran from about the beginning of the third millennium to the first, and was followed by the Dark Age. The Cyclades were prominent in the Early Bronze Age. On Crete, Minoan civilization named for the legendary king Minos of Crete, who ordered the building of the labyrinth is divided into Early, Middle, and Late Minoan (EM, MM, LM), which are further subdivided. Mycenaean civilization refers to late Bronze Age culture (c.1600 - c.1125 B.C.). Bronze Age - Glossary Entry The following paragraphs describe important terms to learn connected with the Greek Bronze Age. Cyclades: The Cyclades are islands in the south Aegean circling the island of Delos. During the Early Bronze Age (c. 3200-2100 B.C.) pottery, marble, and metal goods were produced that wound up in grave sites. Among these are the marble female figurines that inspired 20th century artists. Later in the Bronze Age the Cyclades showed influence from Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. Minoan Bronze Age: British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans began excavating the island of Crete in 1899. He named the culture Minoan and divided it into periods. In the early period newcomers arrived and pottery styles changed. This was followed by the great palace-building civilization and Linear A. Catastrophes destroyed this civilization. When it recovered, there was a new style of writing known as Linear B. Further catastrophes marked the end of the Minoan Bronze Age. Early Minoan (EM) I-III, c.3000-2000 B.C.Middle Minoan (MM) I-III, c.2000-1600 B.C.Late Minoan (LM) I-III, c.1600-1050 B.C. Minoan Bronze AgeDark Age Greece Knossos: Knossos is a Bronze Age city and archaeological site in Crete. In 1900, Sir Arthur Evans bought the site where ruins had been found, and then worked on restoring its Minoan palace. Legend says King Minos lived at Knossos where he had Daedalus build the famous labyrinth to house the minotaur, the monstrous offspring of King Minos wife Pasiphae. KnossosThe Palace of Minos - Kris Hirst - Archaeology at About.comLabrysMinotaurDaedalus Mycenaeans: The Myceaneans, from mainland Greece, conquered the Minoans. They lived in fortified citadels. By 1400 B.C. their influence extended to Asia Minor, but they disappeared between about 1200 and 1100, at which time the Hittites also disappeared. Heinrich Schliemanns excavations of Troy, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Orchomenos revealed Mycenaean artifacts. Michael Ventris probably deciphered its writing, Mycenaean Greek. The connection between Myceaneans and the people described in the epics attributed to Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey, is still debated. Who Were the Mycenaeans? Schliemann: Henirich Schliemann was a German maverick archaeologist who wanted to prove the historicity of the Trojan War, so he excavated an area of Turkey. Schliemann Linear A and B: Just as Schliemann is the name associated with Troy and Evans with the Minoans, so there is one name connected with the deciphering of Mycenaean script. This man is Michael Ventris who deciphered Linear B in 1952. The Mycenaean tablets he deciphered were found at Knossos, showing contact between Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. Linear A has not yet been deciphered. Linear A - Kris Hirst - Archaeology at About.comLinear B - Kris Hirst - Archaeology at About.com Graves: Archaeologists learn about the culture of ancient peoples by studying their remains. Graves are a particularly valuable source. At Mycenae, wealthy warrior chieftains and their families were buried in shaft graves. In the Late Bronze Age, warrior chieftains (and family) were buried in decorated Tholos tombs, round stone subterranean tombs with vaulted roofs. Shaft GravesTholos Tombs Bronze Age Resources: Crete The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Ed. M.C. Howatson and Ian Chilvers. Oxford University Press, 1996. Neil Asher Silberman, Cyprian Broodbank, Alan A. D. Peatfield, James C. Wright, Elizabeth B. French Aegean Cultures The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996. Lesson 7: Western Anatolia and the Eastern Aegean in the Early Bronze Age

Human Resource Planning and Recruitment strategies Essay

Human Resource Planning and Recruitment strategies - Essay Example The present global financial meltdown has created real and urgent human resource issues for organizations throughout the world. Everything seems to be shrouded in uncertainty. Employers are unsure of how events will play out in the near future, while employees sit tight, holding fast to the job on hand, not because they don't want better opportunities but because everything is in a stand still. KPMG is a global network of professional services firms providing Audit, Tax and Advisory services. The firm has a total of 137,000 outstanding professionals working together to deliver value in 144 countries worldwide. The realities created by the present global financial crisis are poles apart from what used to obtain when the global economic climate was good. Being a firm that recruits high flyers and top graduates, there was always a high turnover in manpower before the crisis began. People were leaving and coming in at a fast rate. This implied that HR was always on its feet and on the move. Consulting jobs from clients streamed in whether employees went out on marketing or not. The reputation of the company attracted new clients every day. Sometimes the firm had no option other than to reject jobs that are not value adding According to Vetter (1967, p15), Human Resources Planning is "the process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired position. Through planning, management strives to have the right number and the right kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which result in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits". Writing in the American Psychologist, Jackson and Schuler (1990, pg 227) state that "traditionally human resource planning occurs within the context of the overall organizational plan and its strategic focus. It generally involves predicting, in the light of prevailing circumstances and past performance, the organization's future human resource needs and planning for those needs to be met". It includes establishing objectives and then developing and implementing programs (staffing, appraising, compensating, and training) to ensure that people are available with the appropriate characteristics and skills when and where the organization needs them. The biting economic climate has affected planning in several organizations. Now more than ever, there is uncertainty about the future and how things will

Corporate Socail Respinsibility of Merck Pharmeceuticals Research Paper

Corporate Socail Respinsibility of Merck Pharmeceuticals - Research Paper Example In a more modern and popular sense, CSR has become a public relations form as well as a marketing strategy that also pre-empts regulatory agencies (Mintzberg, 1983). However, there are many ways that firms or corporations apply CSR in their business system. One of the approaches is the community-based development where a firm establishes community presence and program in a fixed geographical area either in the area of their operation or outside of it. Some of the examples of community-based programs are efforts such as livelihood assistance for a supplier-manufacturing of clothes by a branded clothing, starting a literacy program through provision of books and learning aids, supervision, evaluation and recommendation for improvement in a certain school or area, waterways clean-up, and other efforts. A traditional approach has been philanthropy where corporations provide cash donations, products or tangible materials to a non-profit organization for its distribution to undeserved or d eserving beneficiaries such as Children International and like NGOs. Other forms of CSR are embedded on the supply-chain system such as adoption of the Fair Trade system that ensures animals are not harmed, workers are paid and benefited in a justified manner, packaging is ecological, employees are properly compensated, delivery, distribution and post-consumption processes took environmental protection measures throughout the lifetime of a single or collective products (International Business Leaders Forum and International Finance Corporation, 2007). B)  Ã‚  Merck Pharmaceutical’s CSR Program.     ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The kind of CSR the company is doing:   Merck claims to ensure that CSR is â€Å"an integral part of the way we do business†¦ to create shared value and to help solve the tough issues facing business and society today,† (Merck, 2008, p 3). Their CR principles center on conducting business with high ethical standards; engage in expans ion of access to quality care around globally; make positive and sustainable impact on the communities and societies they live and work in; and provide fair and just compensation to employees (Merck, 2008). This is reflected on their claimed CSR programs research on new medicines and vaccines needed, environmental footprint management, improved access to medicines and vaccines, ensure confidence in safety and quality, advocacy and outreach, and executing the basics which pertains to ethical business process standards (Merck, 2008). CSR has become a very complex process that is involved in various stages of the corporate system, so that a multinational corporation like Merck Pharmaceuticals may be involved in several CSR efforts at one time. The IBLF and IFC (2007) have defined various CSR efforts of which the following are addressed: protection and promotion of the rights of individuals as stakeholders of a company from employees, consumers, suppliers, distributors, to community mem bers. On this manner, Merck has adopted several more popular CSR patient assistance programs in the United States for patients who cannot afford medications (Merck, 2006). This program has started in the 1950s and is active today. There are several CSR programs undertaken by Merck but this paper will focus on seven programs in practice as noted to be more practical to the public: Act Program for Emend, Act Program for Zolinza, Merck

Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels

Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels This essay discusses the factors affecting the blood glucose levels to fluctuate, the natural mechanism of the body to control it, the inability of the body to control it and the disease it causes. The Human body is perfection in its own way. The controlled balance of factors keeping the internal environment of the body constant is a vital process that keeps one healthy. Any slight changes in these factors disrupt the internal environment causing disequilibrium. This maintenance of internal environment of the body between limits is called homeostasis and the parameters being controlled include: body temperature, blood pH, carbon dioxide concentration, blood glucose concentration and water balance. When the control of the blood glucose level does not work effectively the concentration can fall or rise beyond normal limits. This condition is called diabetes mellitus or simply diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus was first identified as a disease associated with sweet urine, and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime. Blood glucose level is controlled by a hormone (insulin) produced by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the endocrine gland pancreas. After a heavy carbohydrate enriched meal the blood rise exponentially and thus have to be brought down within the normal limits. The high concentration is detected by receptors which then activate the beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin which converts glucose into a polysaccharide form glucagon and store it in the liver thus removing glucose from the blood. The history of diabetes indicates that it was present as early as the First Century B.C. when it received its name from a Greek physician, Aretaeus of Cappadocia, after the word dia-bainein which means to siphon. This was related to the patients passing excessive amounts of urine. Several centuries after that in 1921 Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin as a diabetes medication and won a Nobel Prize for their discovery. Insulin is the hormone that controls that lowers the blood glucose concentration and its deficiency or insensitivity by target cells causes diabetes. Later after a few years of discovering insulin in 1936 Sir Harold Percival Himsworth distinguished diabetes type 1 and 2. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes: also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by the destruction of insulin beta cells. The onset of this type is usually during childhood (hence the name juvenile diabetes) and as the beta cells produce insufficient insulin, insulin injections are used to control the glucose levels (hence the name insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Diet cannot control this type of diabetes as it does not increase or decrease the amount of insulin produced by the beta cells. The classical symptoms of type 1 diabetics are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue and weight loss in spite of increased appetite. These symptoms may be explained by the fact that due to the uncontrolled high levels of glucose the osmotic pressure of the blood changes owing to the increased solute concentration (glucose) in the blood and the body gets rid of all the extra glucose from the body through the urine as it cannot st ore it efficiently. Eventually this leads to the other symptoms. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output and lead to dehydration. Dehydration thus causes increased thirst and water consumption. Apart from these acute effects of high blood glucose level other chronic effects of diabetes include eye complications, kidney damage and nerve damage. Moreover Diabetes accelerates hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) of the larger blood vessels, leading to coronary heart disease (angina or heart attack), strokes, and pain in the lower extremities because of lack of blood supply (claudication). So far the researchers have concluded that a combination of genetic susceptibility, diabetogenic trigger and exposure to a driving antigen are the leading causes of inducing the Type 1 diabetes however other risk factors have also been identified. These include: environmental factors, triggering beta cells damage due to a virus, diet and other chemicals and drugs. Type 2 Diabetes: also known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is far more common than type 1 as it is the most common and frequent type of diabetes. It usually occurs in late stages of life, but younger youth are being diagnosed with this disease more frequently. The pancreas organ produces less insulin to keep blood sugar levels in the normal range, often because the target cells are no more sensitive to the insulin. Similar to the symptoms of type 1 diabetes, type 2 symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, fatigue, increased appetite and in some cases, blurred vision. Insulin injections are not usually needed to control this type of diabetes (hence the name non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and more stress is laid on controlling the patients diet by limiting it to low carbohydrate foods, exercising and if the condition worsens medication is often prescribed. Similar to type 1, genetics (family history) is thought to be a leading cause in inducing Type 2 diabetes in combination with a few other risk factors such as lifestyle, eating habits, age over 45 years, gestational diabetes giving birth to a baby who weighs more than 9 pounds, heart disease, high blood cholesterol level, obesity, not getting enough exercise, polycystic ovary disease (in women), previous impaired glucose tolerance and some ethnic groups (particularly African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans). Gestational diabetes: is when high blood sugar levels develop at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have any form of diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are at a much higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future. The risk factors of this kind of diabetes are similar to the risk factors of type 2 diabetes as gestational diabetes lead to type 2 diabetes. In general, no cure has been found for diabetes. Treatment for diabetes can involve various medicines, a balanced diet, and frequent exercise to control blood glucose levels and minimize symptoms with a long term aim to prevent the chronic complications of diabetes and to prolong patients life and reduce symptoms. Apart from achieving this through the use of insulin injections, diet control and exercise, blood pressure and cholesterol levels control, careful control of blood glucose levels and an educational background and awareness about diabetes play a vital role in treating and diagnosing diabetes. Testing for diabetes is easy and very handy nowadays. Testing of the urine may be used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose one with diabetes. This is because the presence of glucose in not necessarily due to the patient being a diabetic and could have been caused by the damage of the basement membrane in the kidney or the malfunction of the kidney. For diabetes diagnosis the following blood tests may be Fasting blood glucose level diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occasions Hemoglobin A1c test Normal: Less than 5.7% Pre-diabetes: Between 5.7% 6.4% Diabetes: 6.5% or higher Oral sugar tolerance test diabetes is diagnosed if sugar level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours. This test is also used more for type 2 diabetes. Random (non-fasting) blood glucose level diabetes is suspected if higher than 200 mg/dL Diabetes is a leading disease in many parts of the world causing innumerable deaths each year. Statistics show that diabetes affects 25.8 million people of all ages 8.3 percent of the U.S. population out of which only 18.8 million people are diagnosed while the rest remain oblivious to their medical condition. The severity of this disease goes unnoticed or unacknowledged by several people who label this disease as sugar and confine it to being related and associated with the intake of sweet things only. Very few know that diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. However, over the years diabetes has emerged as one the leading health threats in third world countries and so a lot of research is being concentrated on curing, managing and preventing this disease. Curing the diseases has positively motivated several scientists to further their stem cell research and using the stem cells of the diabetic patient create a healthy fully developed and functioning pancreas or even healthy Islets of Langerhans that produce insulin. This will not only cure type I diabetes but also eliminate post operation complications like tissue rejection and immune suppressant drug dependence etc. Similarly, gene therapy is also being used to switch on certain genes on the chromosomes that would trigger insulin production. Medicines have been introduced and drugs to increase target cell sensitivity are continuously being invented but they mainly revolve around monitoring the disease not curing it. Portable blood glucose meter, insulin pumps etc are all new inventions aimed at helping diabetics control and follow their blood glucose level thus making their life a lot easier. Lastly as mentioned before, as yet there is no cure for diabetes but as the saying goes prevention before cure, educating the population about the risk factors and dangers of diabetics is at the moment the nest way to prevent the number of people suffering from diabetes and so awareness should be spread. [word count: 1603]

The Fall of Communism in Russia :: essays research papers fc

Communism in the USSR was doomed from the onset. Communism was condemned due to lack of support from other nations, condemned due to corruption within its leadership, condemned due to the moral weakness of humanity, making what is perfect on paper, ineffective in the real world. The end of this system was very violent. It left one of the two most powerful nations in the world fearful of what was to come. Communism can either be called a concept or system of society. In a society that follows the communist beliefs groups own the major resources and means of production, rather than a certain individual. In theory, Communism is to provide equal work, and benefits to all in a specific society. Communism is derived from many ancient resources, including Plato’s Republic and early Christian communities. In 1917, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their Communist Manifesto finalized the philosophy of Communism. ("Communism," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia) In the beginning, people in Russia thought of Communism as a utopian ideal. (Funk & Wagnall’s) The elimination of social classes, and guaranteed employment sounded outstanding to the people who lived in Russia. Communism did call for a role of socialist dictatorship to help control any form of protest. Through persuasive tactics this new government seized power and in 1917 Vladimir Ilich Lenin came to power. Under his control the Soviet Union underwent many radical changes that led to the development of NEP (New Economic Policy). This policy called for some private ownership of the means of production and business. Still the government controlled the majority of production. Throughout Lenin’s government there were many achievements. It ended a long civil war against the remnants of the old Czarist military system and established institutions in government. He later died in 1924, and was quickly succeeded. In 1924 Joseph Stalin became head of the Soviet Communist Party. He soon became the most powerful man in Russia. He ran the Soviet Union with brut power, removing all that opposed him and the Communist beliefs. This time period was known as the â€Å"Great Purge.† Stalin systemically executed anyone who stood in his path. Stalin had millions of people arrested and killed. The government once again changed in its economic status. All private ownership was ended. Industrialization commenced, and the strength of the Soviet’s Military significantly increased. The only downfall was agriculture production slowly diminished. This eventually led to food shortages. During this time period the Second World War broke out and drained most of what was left of the already impoverished state. However after the war, national unity was improved and the Soviet Union once again became a super power of the world. (" Stalin and World War II,"

Dependency on Technology Essay

Pornography addiction is one of the leading internet addictions, with 12% of the total number of websites are pornography sites. Video game addiction is also a large factor in internet addiction because of the large amount of MMORPG’s (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game). The average MMORPG gamer will spend 20-25 hours per week on a game. Internet social interaction addiction is the most problematic of the three addictions because of the reliance of new social media including Facebook, Twitter, and Instant Messaging (â€Å"Internet Addiction Disorder† 2). Though each addiction has different orientations, they all can lead to the same risks if exaggerated. Internet addiction disorder may lead to many health problems if done for a long period of time and not changed. A main health condition caused by too much use on the computer is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, which is caused by too much strain on the wrist bones (â€Å"Internet†, 2). Another is straining the eyes too much which can lead to tired/dry eyes, and also myopia. Next is weight gain, which can be caused by low amounts of exercise, high intake of carbohydrates and fats, tension on abdominal muscles which makes peristalsis (digestive system movement) slowed, and poor lymph movement that enables the body to remove toxins (â€Å"Mind Prison†¦ †, 5). There are also psychological problems that come from IAD that can lead to depression. An addict that is not using the Internet may have mood swings, feel angry, depressed, or restless (â€Å"Internet†, 2). Since the Internet is such a powerful multimedia experience, one may become desensitized to less stimulating modalities, like reading (â€Å"Mind Prison†¦ †, 5). † Maintaining a healthy physical and psychological lifestyle is important in order to continue living happily. The largest issue with Internet addiction is that the addict spend too much time online and in chat rooms that he/she loses the sense of verbal communication and outside interaction. The user be comes socially awkward and sometimes unable to express emotion without it being typed. He/she also may be involved in illegal activities like downloading illegal content or develop aggressive online personalities. Not only does the addict lose a sense of communication skills, he/she may also begin to lose family or friends (â€Å"Mind Prisons†¦ †, 5). By neglecting loved ones a building new relationships with online users, this leads to many new divorces. Also because of the addict being irritable when away from the Internet, it can lead to arguments that could become violent. In today’s society, Internet addiction is becoming a bigger problem with the improvement of technology and more social media sites.

ACT Score Comparison for SUNY Campuses

If youre wondering if you have the ACT scores youll need to get into one of the four-year SUNY colleges and universities, heres a side-by-side comparison of scores for the middle 50% of enrolled students. If your scores fall within or above these ranges, youre on target for admission to one of these public universities in New York State. SUNY ACT Score Comparison (mid 50%) School Composite25% Composite75% English25% English75% Math25% Math75% Albany 22 27 - - - - Alfred State 19 25 18 24 19 26 Binghamton 28 32 - - - - Brockport 20 25 18 24 18 25 Buffalo 24 30 - - - - Buffalo State - - - - - - Cobleskill - - - - - - Cortland 22 25 20 24 20 25 Env. Science/Forestry 23 29 22 27 22 29 Farmingdale 20 24 - - - - Fashion Institute - - - - - - Fredonia 21 27 - - - - Geneseo 24 28 - - - - Maritime College 22 27 - - - - Morrisville 16 20 - - - - New Paltz 24 29 22 27 23 30 Old Westbury - - - - - - Oneonta 21 26 20 25 19 25 Oswego 21 26 - - - - Plattsburgh 21 25 19 25 20 24 Polytechnic 20 28 23 30 25 30 Potsdam - - - - - - Purchase 21 28 22 32 19 26 Stony Brook 26 31 24 33 26 31 Keep in mind that the SAT tends to be much more popular than the ACT in New York State. Nevertheless, either exam is perfectly acceptable. Youll be at no disadvantage using the ACT, and you should use scores from the exam that you prefer. If your ACT scores are below the lower number in the table above, all hope is not lost. 25% of applicants who attend the SUNY school also had numbers in the bottom 25th percentile. Being admitted will be more challenging with a sub-par score, but it is not impossible. Also note that the admissions standards vary considerably from one campus to another. Binghamton University, for example, is highly selective and nearly all admitted students have both grades and standardized test scores that are well above average. Binghamton is one of the top colleges in New York State. Other campuses such as Morrisville and Cobleskill are far less selective. Your Academic Record Matters More than the ACT Realize that ACT scores are just one part of the application. The most important part of your SUNY application will be your academic record. Be sure you have adequate coursework in key academic areas such as a foreign language and math. Its also important to show that you have challenged yourself, so Advanced Placement (AP) classes, IB classes, Honors classes, and dual enrollment classes are all important for helping to demonstrate your college preparedness.   Holistic Admissions The SUNY admissions folks will also be looking at non-numeric measures, for the four-year colleges and universities in the SUNY network all have holistic admissions. A strong essay and meaningful extracurricular activities  can play an important role in the admissions process. At some campuses, special talents in areas such as sports or music can also help make up for standardized test scores that are less than ideal. Data Source: National Center for Education  Statistics